Lesson part 1the structure of the earth betterlesson. The structure of the earth s crust based on seismic data covers the papers presented at an international upper mantle committee lumc symposium called crustal structure based on seismic data, held on july 3031, 1971. This collapse may have been triggered by a shockwave from. The outer core is the only liquid layer of the earth a sea of mostly iron and nickel. Interior structure of the earth we have already seen how we can combine data with our knowledge of the basic parameters of the earth to determine that the earth is a stratified planet, that means, that the density of the earth increases as we go down to greater depths in the earth. Mar 08, 2019 interior structure of the earth structure of the earth. The book focuses on the structure, composition, and characteristics of the earths crust. Initially, earth was believed to be the center of the universe, which consisted only of those planets visible with the naked eye and an outlying sphere of fixed stars. Earth s crust is divided into plates that move like bricks over freshly laid mortar. This plate motion causes them to collide, pull apart, or scrape against each other. Use the prime questions on the inside front cover of the structure of earth to stimulate students thinking. One might think that the composition of earth can be easily inferred. The interior structure of the earth is layered in spherical shells, like an onion.
The interior of the earth, like that of the other terrestrial planets, is chemically divided into layers. The inner core is theorized to be solid with a density of about grams per cubic centimeter and a radius of about 1220 kilometers. Composition and structure of the earths atmosphere clear ias. Introduction and origin of the earth tulane university. Students will be able to describe the types of faults, why faults form, and where they occur. They each have unique characteristics as described below. Feb 09, 2018 3 high quality differentiated worksheets on the layers of the earth. Inner core red outer core redorange lower mantle orange middle mantle light orange 2.
The earth s crust is divided into plates which are moved in various directions. Formation of the earth in human terms, the age of the earth is immense. Geography notes clearias team has been receiving a lot of support and encouragement from our loving readers for our easytounderstand articles on geography. Jeffreys book on the earth will be very welcome to the many who are interested in the larger dynamical aspects of our planet, in its present and past states. Also, the origin of many phenomena like earthquakes, volcanoes, tsunami etc are linked with the structure of earth s interior. The outer core is liquid and the inner core is solid. We infer from this and other data that there is a heavy central part in the earth. Learn all about the structure of the earth here at national geographic kids. The word, tectonic, refers to the deformation of the crust as a consequence of plate interaction. The material and the structure observed in the meteors are similar to that of the earth. The crust makes up less than 1 percent of earth by mass, consisting of oceanic crust and continental.
Take a small clump of your first color of salt dough and roll it into a ball roughly one to two inches across. Have the students return to the classroom and drawwrite the layers of the earth and howwhy they were represented as such. The mantle itself is divided into 2 layers, the upper and lower mantles and the heat within these layers drives convection currents. Composition of earth as discussed earlier, the mass of the earth is approximately 5. And that each of these layers have their own distinct.
The crust differs in varied thickness from 30 to 70 km under the continents and 5 to 15 km in the ocean levels. Also, the origin of many phenomena like earthquakes, volcanoes, tsunami etc are linked with the structure of earths interior. Vertical structure of the atmosphere from meteorology today. Each type of interaction causes a characteristic set of earth structures or tectonic features. The oceanic crust is the smallest part of earth, only 0. Earths interior to model the structure of earths layers. We sometimes get a glimpse of earth s interior through the action of active volcanoes.
Ppt the structure of the earth internet connection pupil worksheet 1. Earths layered structure, continental crust, oceanic crust, upper mantle, lower mantle, outer core, inner core, seismic waves, tectonic plates. The structure of the earth core knowledge foundation. Information bulletin 6 tectonic plates 7 the moving foundation of the earth s surface 8 activity questions 9. Chemically, earth can be divided into the crust, upper mantle, lower mantle, outer core, and inner core. This lesson includes a powerpoint aimed at lower ability year 8. The earth is approximately 12,740 kilometers in diameter, and is stratified into layers as shown in the illustration to the right. The densest atmospheric layers are closer to earth and the least dense layers are far away from earth. Each worksheet includes a diagram of the earth to label as well as different questions to answer. Composition and structure of the earth s atmosphere filed under.
Get help with your structure of the earth homework. Introduction and origin of the earth geology, what is it. The earth has an outer solid layer called the crust, a highly viscous layer called the mantle, a liquid layer that is the outer part of the core, called the outer core, and a solid center called the inner core. If youre behind a web filter, please make sure that the domains. Students will be able to describe how movement along faults changes. They have material and structure similar to earth and give information about the materials of which earth is formed of.
Earth, third planet from the sun and the fifth largest planet in the solar system in terms of size and mass. The book focuses on the structure, composition, and characteristics of the earth s crust. Fill out the small squares with the information for each of the main layers of the earth, using your textbook. It is made up of a variety of rocks and can reach up. Structure of the earth simple english wikipedia, the. The structure of the earth the earth consists of four concentric layers. The earth has an outer solid crust, a highly viscous mantle, a liquid outer core, and a solid inner core the boundaries between these layers were discovered by seismographs detecting the way vibrations bounced off the layers during earthquakes. It includes not only the surface process which have shaped the earth s surface, but the study of the ocean floors, and the interior of the earth. Have them face outward and slowly walk around the rest of the earth.
The structure of the atmosphere dictates the way the atmosphere behaves and controls how weather develops near the surface of the earth. The radius of the core is just over half the radius of the earth. Get ready to dig deep, gang, and join us on a fascinating journey to the centre of the earth. The earths interior earth and planetary science university of. Structure of the atmosphere north carolina climate office. The structure of the heart together with the functions of the heart are essential learning for students of courses in human biology, anatomy and physiology, and many holistic therapies. The crust is made up of tectonic plates, which are in constant motion. Composition and structure of the atmosphere composition evolution vertical structure.
Finally have the lithospherecrust students form a circle around the entire earth. About 70% of the earth s surface is covered in water, having an average depth of 2. Dec 30, 2015 this lesson includes a powerpoint aimed at lower ability year 8. Mechanically, it can be divided into lithosphere, asthenosphere, mesospheric mantle, outer core, and the inner core. Structural geology of the earths interior earth sciences. Different layers of the earth its interior, structure and. The earths layers foldable marcias science teaching ideas. It is not only the study of the earth as we see it today, but the history of the earth as it has evolved to. The outer most layer, the crust, is categorized into two parts, the oceanic crust and the continental crust. If youre seeing this message, it means were having trouble loading external resources on our website. But there is much more to these layers each with very specific properties which are required for life on earth.
It all began when an interstellar cloud nebula of gas and dust began to collapse. Did you know that our planet earth is made up of three distinct layers. Earthquakes and volcanoes are most likely to occur at plate boundaries. It is mostly made of the lighter elements, silicon, oxygen, aluminium. Materials assorted colors of clay sticky notes plastic knife toothpicks metric ruler calculator pencil resource books earth. Earth has an outer silicate solid crust, a highly viscous mantle, a liquid outer core that is much less viscous than the mantle, and a solid inner core. Earth s rocky crust is by no means stationary and we regularly see evidence of crust movement in the form of earthquakes. The crust is the layer that you live on, and it is the most widely studied and understood. Access the answers to hundreds of structure of the earth questions that are explained in a way thats easy for you to. The earth has a radius of about 6371 km, although it is about 22 km larger at equator than at poles. Layers beneath the earths surface the core is a layer rich in iron and nickel that is composed of two layers. Lets build the earth the structure of the earths crust.
After the acceptance of the heliocentric model in the 17th century. Earth, its internal structure and composition, and the wide range. When taken as a whole, the earths chemical composition by mass has been approximated as given in the table below. Structure of the earth layers 3 differentiated worksheets. The secrets buried inside our planet are revealed by recording and studying things called seismic waves.
Core, mantle, and crust are divisions based on composition. The earth and solar system were formed 4,560 million years ago. This page is part of a series about the vascular system. Jan 11, 2017 learn about the structure of the earth s interior crust, mantle and core and composition of its different layers. Structure of the earth lesson 1 teaching resources.
The crust makes up less than 1 percent of earth by mass, consisting of oceanic crust and continental crust is often more felsic rock. Students understand the processes and interactions of earth s systems and the structure and dynamics of earth and other objects in space. These layers can be defined by their chemical and their rheological properties. Earths crust is divided into plates that move like bricks over freshly laid mortar. Knowledge of the location of earth has been shaped by 400 years of telescopic observations, and has expanded radically since the start of the 20th century. To introduce this unit, show the children the short film using the link below or click on the hyperlink on the powerpoint. Layers of the earth activities structure of the earth. The composition and structure of earth core, mantle, and crust are divisions based on composition. Structure of the earth simple english wikipedia, the free. Many are probably pieces of protoplanets similar in composition to earth. These materials contribute to the function of each layer and supports why it is impossible to dig your way to the other side of the world. Join us as we explore the different layers the crust, upper mantle, lower mantle, outer core and inner core. Students learn the earth s structure is composed of different materials, some that can be observed and others that cannot.
These are extraterrestrial masses reaching the earth s surface. The internal structure of earth is layered in spherical shells. The release of gases from rock through volcanic eruption socalled. Answer question 1 on your what you discovered worksheet. Because of the shallowness of the atmosphere, its motions over large areas are primarily horizontal. This has lead to the knowledge of the layers of earth. The mantle is much hotter and has the ability to flow. Radial structure, chemical composition, and phase transformations inferring earth s composition is a prerequisite to understanding its evolution and dynamics as well as those of planets like it.
Each layer has its own chemical composition and properties see figure 1. Pdf the earth s core is a ball of swirling hot metal at the centre of our planet, with a radius roughly one half of the earth s radius. The outer core and inner core are even hotter with pressures so great you would be squeezed into a ball smaller than a marble if you were able to go to the center of. The structure of earth earth s inside structure is quite different to its hard, crusty shell. The oceanic crust covers 23 of the earth s surface. Evidence on the structure and composition of the earths interior comes from 1 observations of surface rocks, 2 geophysical data from earthquakes, flow of. Radial structure, chemical composition, and phase transformations inferring earths composition is a prerequisite to understanding its evolution and dynamics as well as those of planets like it. Scientific basis of knowledge on earths composition pdf. The structure of the earth, plate tectonics and landforms. Crust the crust is the thinnest layer of the earth and is the layer we live on. Hence it becomes possible to determine the rate of change of characteristics of material of earth. The mantle is hot and represents about 68 percent of earths mass.
The earth s surface that consist of a number of rigid, but moving pieces or plates 4. The crust making up the continents is constituted of granite and basalt rock makes up beneath the oceans. Mean thickness is around 30 km, made of sial silica and aluminium and is thicker than oceanic crust. Between the earth s crust and the mantle is a boundary called the moho. It was the first discovery of a major change in the earth s structure as one goes deeper. Lithosphere the outer rigid shell of the earth s structure, extending from the surface to about km deep outer blue line on drawing. They are solid bodies developed out of materials same as, or similar to, our planet. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Essentially the structure of the earth consists of a hard iron core which sits at the centre of a molten liquid sphere surrounded by a solid crust of rock.
The composition and structure of earth physical geography. Study 69 terms structure of the earth flashcards quizlet. Pwaves, swaves, surface waves, pangea, plates, glacial striations, plate tectonics, orogeny, paleontology, alfred wegner, continental drift, plate boundaries. The crust is the outermost brittle solid part of earth ranging from 5 70 km.
The structure of the earths crust based on seismic data covers the papers presented at an international upper mantle committee lumc symposium called crustal structure based on seismic data, held on july 3031, 1971. Density, massvolume, temperature, and pressure increase with depth. Earth s plate movements are responsible for earthquakes, tsunamis and. Form a hypothesis based on information in this chapter, make a statement estimating what percentage of earths volume is composed of crust, mantle, and core. Not so very long ago, the earth numbered two thousand million inhabitants. These notes will also be useful for other competitive exams like banking po, ssc, state civil services exams and so on. It was the first discovery of a major change in the earths structure as one goes deeper. Between the earths crust and the mantle is a boundary called the moho. Earth and of the earths internal structure are also emphasized because the journey utilizes. It is roughly 1800 3200 miles below the surface and about 1400 miles thick. The earth has an outer silicate solid crust, a highly viscous.
The crust is truly an amazing and astonishing thing to learn and behold. This article talks about the structure of earth the crust, mantle, and core. Robertson abstract evidence on the structure and composition of the earth s interior comes from 1 observations of surface rocks, 2 geophysical data from earthquakes, flow of heat from the interior, the magnetic field, and gravity, 3 laboratory ex. Its single most outstanding feature is that its nearsurface environments are the only places in the universe known to harbor life. The most fundamental approach to gleaning earth structure from seismic waves is to measure arrival times of ground vibrations as a function of distance from the. In interpreting earth motions from the geologic record, three needs seem paramount. Key concepts of earths structure the activities in this topic are designed to explore the following key concepts. Structure and composition of the earth the earth ks3. The inner structure of the earth is described by the authors on the basis of systematic processing and evaluation of the traditional and newer theories and conceptions. Earth is roughly a spherical shape, with the average radius being around 4,000 miles. The mantle is the thickest layer of the earth at 2,900km thick. Understanding the basic structure of earth is very important to learn higher concepts well. Between the two there were hired kinglets, overlords, and a bourgeoisie, sham from beginning to end, which served as gobetweens. Hence, this becomes yet another source of information about the interior of the earth.