The geographic distribution and taxonomic richness. The body of a sponge is a collection of a few different types of cells. The ontology follows the common anatomy reference ontology caro 27 upper level, making use of standard. They provide insight into key evolutionary transitions, such as the emergence of multicellularity and the nervous system. Spicules are six pointed and have a latticelike structure cup, vase or. The phylum porifera sponges notes bundle covers the following topics and more. In this worksheet, read about sponges, and color a sponge to illustrate your knowledge of sponge anatomy. Asconoid sponges are tube shaped and perforated by spores.
Semoga bisa bermanfaat dan bisa menjadi bahan literatur yang baik. The animals of this phylum have tiny pores in their body walls, and this characteristic feature is the basis of the name of this phylum. The opening of the tube, called the osculum, leads to the spongocoel, the inner region of the tube. Porifera authors touiek samaai 1, robyn payne2, seshnee maduray, and liesl janson citation samaai t, payne rp, maduray s and janson l. Sponges made up of 2 body layers an outer layer of epidermal cells and an inner layer of collar cells. Phylum porifera sponges there are more than 5,000 species of sponges and they come in all shapes and sizes. However, a few carnivorous sponges have lost these water flow systems and the choanocytes.
The rotifers are microscopic, multicellular, mostly aquatic organisms that are currently under taxonomic revision. The principal features of phylum porifera are listed below so you can refer to this background information throughout the lab. To understand this, one needs to look at two sponge groups. The split between the parazoa and the eumetazoa all animal clades above parazoa likely took. The creator of this series was a marine biologist who was fascinated with the ocean and used many marine animals, including the sponges in his animated cartoon series. The phylum porifera, commonly known as sponges figure 19.
Invertebrates i page 3 of 15 in all sponge types, the body is designed to facilitate feeding. Sponges are multicellular organisms that are composed of pores and channels, which allow water to circulate throughout their system. Atkinson lj and sink kj eds field guide to the ofshore marine invertebrates of south africa. This clade currently includes only the phylum placozoa containing a single species, trichoplax adhaerens, and the phylum porifera, containing the more familiar sponges figure 28. Pdf phylum porifera sponges are metazoans united by the unique possession of. In some habitats they comprise a major com ponent of the benthic fauna and may play important roles in ecosystem processes. Phylum porifera pori pores, fera bearers are popularly known as sponges. Concentration music with binaural beats, focus music for studying, study music greenred productions relaxing music 1,625 watching live now. To help with our discussion of anatomy, refer to the handout from page 162 of our lab manual. There are following characteristics of the phylum porifera. How weird would it sound if it was called porifera bob square pants.
We constructed the porifera ontology poro as a web ontology language owl ontology using the thesaurus of sponge morphology as a primary source. Simple animals a simple matching exercise, classify porifera, cnidaria, platyhelminthes, and nematoda sponge anatomy sponge image. The representatives of phylum porifera are also known as sponges. Scottish anatomist and zoologist robert edmond grant proposed the name porifera. In addition, their ability to synthesize unusual compounds offers potential biotechnical applications. Chapter 8 phylum porifera to protect the rights of the authors and publisher we inform you that this pdf is an uncorrected proof for internal business use only by the authors, editors. Sponges constitute the phylum porifera, and have been defined as sessile metazoans multicelled immobile animals that have water intake and outlet openings connected by chambers lined with choanocytes, cells with whiplike flagella. Issuu is a digital publishing platform that makes it simple to publish magazines, catalogs, newspapers, books, and more online. This phylum is thought to represent the transition from unicellular animals to multicellular animals.
African snail giant african land snails snail farming giant snail pet snails scientific drawing snail art anatomy art animal anatomy deviantart is the worlds largest online social community for artists and art enthusiasts, allowing people to connect through the creation and sharing of art. It is interesting to note that sponges had managed to conceal their true animal nature for several centuries amid the evolutionary changes. Yet sponges are common and sometimes abundant in habitants of a broad diversity of freshwater commu nities. There is some debate if sponges are complex colonial protozans and not metazoans. Read along to find more interesting bits of scientific. The porifera porebearer phylum consists mainly of sponges. Meaning of phylum name classification sponge diversity body structure filter feeding.
That is, sperm are created, concentrated and sent out the excurrent openings, sometimes in masses so. Porifera sponges reproduce by both asexual and sexual means. The mastax or jawed pharynx is another structure unique to this group of organisms. They vary in size from less than a centimeter to a mass that can fill your arm. Sponges a coloring worksheet since sponges look like plants, it is understandable why early biologists thought they were plants. Most poriferans that reproduce by sexual means are hermaphroditic and produce eggs and sperm at different times. A, cutaway section of canals showing cellular structure and direction of water flow. Sessile, benthic filter feeders competitors for space fed upon by specialist predators grow in many forms, solitary, colonial, branching, as thin sheets over substrates from few cm to over 1 m in size. Compressed polygonal cells called pinacocytes make up the pinacoderm, the external sac layer. Porifera is a phylum comprising of the multicellular invertebrate animals called sponges.
The sponge is made up of two singlecelldeep layers and an intermediate mesohyl mobile cells plus extracellular matrix. The cells in the outer layers can move inward and change function. Sponges lack organs and tissue, and all the cells exhibit considerable independence. Download objective type questions of phylum porifera pdf visit our pdf store. Phylum porifera characteristics, types, functions and.
Phylum porifera 7 porifera anatomy phylum porifera 8 collar cells choanocytes. Sperm are frequently broadcast into the water column. The outer sac layer consists of flattened polygonal cells called pinacocytes. Over 7,000 species, approximately 40 species that occur in local waters. An introduction to the biology, classification and ecology of sponges, the phylum porifera. How does the name porifera relate to the structure of a sponge. The group is characterized by the rotating, ciliated, wheellike structure, the corona, on their head. The ontology primarily focuses on anatomical structures, but includes other kinds of entities of interest to poriferan biologists for example, traits and chemical entities.
Porifera sponges are ancient basal metazoans that lack organs. Water is pulled into the pores and canals by the beating of the flagella of choanocytes. Most are asymmetrical not regularly shaped, though a few form radially symmetrical shapes which means they can be divided into similar halves if cut at any angle along a central axis, like a pie. Phylum porifera mcq multiple choice question and answer phylum porifera mcq with detailed explanation for interview, entrance and competitive exams. Spongin in the form of fibrils and fibers is an apomorphic trait of the phylum porifera. The simplest of all the invertebrates are the parazoans, which include only the phylum porifera. Today, we know that sponges are simple, multicellular animals in the kingdom animalia, phylum porifera.
Sponges, phylum porifera, are the oldest metazoan group still. Since the anatomy of sponges is very simplistic in survival, they do not have any nervous, digestive, nor circulatory system. The invertebrates, or invertebrata, are animals that do not contain bony structures such as the cranium and vertebrae. From the latin porus for pore and ferre to bear, hence an animal with with pores. The organic skeleton is composed of an extremely variable amount of collagenous material, which is structured as a network of spongin fibers or dispersed in the intercellular matrix. Your purchase includes a 7page student fillin style notes sheet and 7page teacher key in both. Sponges are the simplest of the multicellular phyla. Porifera diagram plant science, arthropods, teaching. Phylum porifera objective type questions pdf download. While some sponges are radially symmetrical, the majority of. Sponges belong to the kingdom animalia and the phylum porifera, though at one time they were thought to be plants. Also, the skeleton of gemmules is made of spongin armed by siliceous. Sponges phylum porifera are important organisms from an ecological, evolutionary and biotechnological point of.